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The IUP Journal of Agricultural Economics

January'12
Focus

This issue consists of four papers on topics associated with production and consumption. The first two papers deal with inequalities in food grains production and impact of farmers’ education on the profit efficiency of farm households with a view to analyzing the current scenario and prescribe remedial measures.

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Natural Calamities, Rice Production Loss and Risk Coping Strategies: Evidence from Odisha
Determinants of Wheat Productivity, with Special Reference to Haryana
Period of Indian Economic Structural Adjustment and Assam Tea Sector
Employment and Wages of Agricultural Women Labor: A Case Study of Karimnagar District in Andhra Pradesh
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Natural Calamities, Rice Production Loss and Risk Coping Strategies: Evidence from Odisha

-- Parshuram Samal and Rabinarayan Patra

Odisha is one of the states most vulnerable to natural calamities in India. Over the years, they have affected the economy of the state, especially its agriculture, very seriously. This paper attempts to estimate the production losses in rice due to three common types of natural calamities such as drought, flood and cyclone in Odisha over a period of 45 years (1965-66 to 2008-09) using secondary data, and also analyzes the coping strategies adopted by farmers on the basis of primary data collected from 100 affected sample farmers. The findings show heavy rice production losses in calamity years. Migration and shifting to wage work in the construction sector have been the major coping strategies to earn additional income and smoothen consumption spending in the calamity years. Given the impossibility of preventing the occurrence of natural calamities, it is possible to argue that a greater allocation of funds for rice research for developing rice varieties tolerant to various calamity situations and generation of more non-farm income opportunities in the rural areas will help in lessening the stress on the farmers.

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Determinants of Wheat Productivity, with Special Reference to Haryana

-- Anand S Kodan, Amit Yadav, Vinod Kumar and Sandeep Mehra

This study, we have analyzes the growth and spatial pattern to find out the determinants of wheat productivity in Haryana. The Composite Standard Score (CSS) indicates that Kaithal, Karnal, Jind, Hisar, Fatehabad and Sirsa districts have secured top positions, while Gurgaon, Rewari and Mehandergarh have ended up in the last positions in the state in wheat crop intensity level. Out of these 11 variables, only one variable has been found to be significantly associated (negative) with wheat productivity (i.e., irrigation intensity). So, the authors suggest that the Government of Haryana should give importance to foresting and climate education to increase rainfall, providing low water absorbable seeds to save the water, appropriate utilization of water, providing sufficient finance as well as tractors at low, affordable cost, minimum paper work and minimum security for enhancing wheat productivity. It is the moral responsibility of North-Western (N-W) states of India in general and Haryana in particular to ensure increased wheat productivity to achieve the goal of a hunger-free India.

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Period of Indian Economic Structural Adjustment and Assam Tea Sector

-- Pradyut Guha

India’s tea sector has been faced with serious challenges followed by internal and external developments during the last two decades or so. The depressionary trend in various respects of tea sector has been marked in Assam, which has global reputation in terms of output generation and spread of tea cultivation. It was expected that the period of India’s economic liberalization would revive the Assam tea sector. But the reality has been different. There has been a gradual shift in most of the macro variables of tea sector of Assam in particular and India in general, but such changes were only due to trend variable but not due to productivity improvement of land and labor in the state. At the backdrop of this scenario, this paper endeavors to analyze some of the internal factors influencing the production of tea in Assam during the period of economic liberalization. The outcome of the present study reveals that the productivity of land and labor has not significantly improved in the whole period under investigation. Even India’s liberalization period has been unable to influence tea productivity in the state significantly. The trend is also expected to continue in the near future, unless suitable method of cultivation, which ensures higher productivity of either land or labor, is undertaken. A comparative analysis of the performance of tea sector of Assam during pre-liberalization and liberalization periods revealed that there was a structural break after initiation of economic liberalization. Judging from the lower compound annual growth rates during liberalization period compared with pre-liberalization growth rate, the study concludes that India’s liberalization period has been less successful in reviving the Assam tea sector.

Article Price : Rs.50

Employment and Wages of Agricultural Women Labor: A Case Study of Karimnagar District in Andhra Pradesh

-- Krishna Reddy Chittedi and Devendar Dommati
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The study shows that female work participation rate has declined and seasonwise irrigation facility is the main factor that determines the employment and wages of the agricultural women labor. In Andhra Pradesh, male participation is more in categories of cultivators and other workers but their participation is less in the category of workers in household industry and agricultural laborers. In contrast, female participation rate is more for the category of agricultural laborers and household industry, but the rate is less in the case of cultivators and other workers.

Article Price : Rs.50
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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